- Objectives
- Introduction
- Transmission of HIV to children
- How can a person become infected with HIV?
- How are children usually infected with HIV?
- What is the risk of a child becoming infected with HIV by mother-to-child transmission?
- How can the risk of mother-to-child transmission be reduced?
- What factors influence the risk of HIV transmission in breast milk?
- How can the risk of HIV transmission in breast milk be reduced?
- When is it best not to breastfeed?
- Diagnosing HIV infection in a child
- The clinical diagnosis of HIV infection and aids
- How does HIV infection present clinically in children?
- What are the clinical stages of HIV infection?
- How is symptomatic HIV infection diagnosed?
- What are the signs of stage 1 HIV infection?
- What are the clinical signs of stage 2 HIV infection?
- What are the signs of stage 3 HIV infection?
- What are the signs of stage 4 HIV infection?
- How is damage to the immune system documented in children?
- How is the clinical severity of HIV infection classified in children?
- Management of HIV-exposed infants
- How should an infant born to an HIV-infected woman be managed after delivery?
- How should HIV prophylaxis be given to the newborn infant to reduce the risk of HIV infection during labour and delivery?
- What is the management of HIV-exposed infants during the first year of life?
- Is it safe to give immunisations to infants who may be infected with HIV?
- What is the role of good nutrition in children with HIV infection?
- How and when should prophylactic co-trimoxazole be given?
- What is the value of antiretroviral therapy in children?
- What is the expected outcome for children with HIV infection?
- What factors other than age determine how fast HIV infection will progress?
- What are important respiratory problems in children with HIV infection?
- What is pneumocystis pneumonia?
- Is tuberculosis common in children with HIV infection?
- What forms of tuberculosis are common in children with HIV infection?
- What gastrointestinal problems are common in children with HIV infection?
- What skin conditions are common in children with HIV infection?
- What is the effect of HIV infection on neurodevelopment?
- Management of children with symptomatic HIV infection
- What are the major components of management?
- How important is nutrition support?
- How should opportunistic infections be managed?
- What are the goals of antiretroviral therapy?
- When should antiretroviral treatment be started?
- What are the guidelines for antiretroviral therapy?
- What drugs are used for antiretroviral therapy?
- What side effects are seen with antiretroviral drugs?
- What monitoring is need with antiretroviral therapy?
- Is there a vaccine against HIV infection?
- How can emotional and family support be provided?
- What is palliative and terminal care?
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