- By the early identification, referral and correct treatment of adults with tuberculosis (especially if smear-positive)
- By looking for family members, friends or care givers with untreated tuberculosis (TB contacts) when a child is diagnosed with tuberculosis. It is important to look for the source of infection.
- By bringing any child who has been in contact with a smear-positive tuberculosis to clinic for assessment and possible prophylactic treatment. This is particularly important in children under 5 years of age and those with HIV infection.
- By improving general nutrition and preventing overcrowding (good housing)
- By immunising all infants with BCG, measles and pertussis vaccine
- By routinely monitoring weight gain in children with the Road-to-Health Card
- By using the DOTS strategy
- By reducing the transmission of HIV to children and correctly treating children with symptomatic HIV infection
- By notifying all cases of tuberculosis